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rv v/ 

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The Standard System 


OF 

namo-Electric Machinery 


AND 

Accessories. 


/ 

STANDARD ELECTRIC CO., 


s' '• " Y 

151894 ..) 


CHICAGO, U. S. A. 



77/\f ^ / 

■dfy& 


Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S94, by 
STANDARD ELECTRIC CO., 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 


PRESS OF 

The Henry O. Shepard Co., 
2x2-214 Monroe Street, 
Chicago. 







TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Page. 

List of I frustrations, . . . . . .5 

Introduction, ....... 7 

Arc System : 

Dynamo, . . . . .10 

Armature, . . . . . . 12 

Commutator Frame, . . . 14 

Commutator, complete, . . • 16 

Self-oiling Journal, . . . .18 

Alternating Current System : 

Alternator, . . . . 20 

Armature, . . . . • • -24 

Converters, . . . • 26 

Direct Current System : 

Generator or Motor, . . • • • .28 

Armature, • • .... 30 

Commutator, . . . • 32 

Terminal Boards, ...... 34 

Arc Lamps, Etc. : 

The Lamp, . • • • • -36 

W. P. Hanger and Switch, .... 40 

“Acorn” D. P. Cut-out, . • . • -44 

Iron Lamp Posts, ..... 46 

Instruments : 

Voltmeter, . • • • • • .48 

Ammeter, ...... 50 

Ammeter, large, • • • • • 5 2 

3 



Table of Conte?its — Continued. 

Page. 


Instruments — Continued. 

Ground Detector, . . • • • -54 

High Potential Circuit Changing Switch, • 56 

High Potential Fuse Terminals, . • • • 58 

Dimmers, ....... 60 

General Switchboard Work, . . • • -63 

Combination Arc Switchboard, .... 64 

Switchboard for One Arc Dynamo and Two Circuits, . 66 

Switchboard for Two Arc Dynamos and Four Circuits, . 68 

Switchboard for One Alternator and One Circuit, . • 70 

Switchboard for Two Alternators and Two Circuits, . 72 

Switchboard for Four Alternators and Four Circuits, . 74 

Switchboard for One D. C. Generator and One Circuit, . 76 

Switchboard for Two D. C. Generators in parallel, . .78 

Dimensions of Dynamos, .... 80 

World’s Fair Service Plant, . . . .84 

The Standard Arc System in Commercial Work, . 86 


4 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 

Series Arc Dynamo, . . . . . . . n 

Arc Armature, complete, . . . . 13 

Commutator Frame, . . . . . . 15 

Commutator, complete, . . . . . . 17 

Details of Journal and Pedestal, . . . -19 

Alternator and Self-contained Exciter, . . . . 21 

Converter, complete, with Fusing Device, . . . .22 

Alternating Dynamo and Exciter (side view), ... 23 

Alternator Armature, complete, . . . . 25 

Standard Converter, Details of Construction, . . 27 

Direct Current Generator or Motor, . . . . -29 

Direct Current Armature, complete, • . . 31 

Direct Current Commutator, . . . . . -33 

Dynamo Terminal Boards, Arc and D. C., . . . 35 

Double Service Elliptical Carbon Lamp, . . . -37 

Interior View D. S. Arc Eamp, . . . 38, 39 

D. P. Weatherproof Arc Lamp Hanger and Switch, . 41 

Insulated Arc Lamp Hangers and Details of W. P. Hanger Switch, 42 
Ceiling Boards and Cut-outs, ..... 43 

“Acorn” D. P. Arc Cut-out, weatherproof, . . -45 

Ornamental Iron Arc Lamp Posts, .... 47 

Standard Voltmeter, Alternating or Direct Current, . . -49 

Ammeter, Alternating or Direct Current, . . . 51 

Direct Current Ammeter, 500 Amp., . . -53 

Ground Detector, ...... 55 

High Potential Circuit Changing Switches, . . . -57 

High Potential Main Line Fuse Terminals, 59 

Alternating Current Stage Dimmers, . . ■ .61 


5 



List of Illustrations — Continued. 

Page. 

Combination Plug Arc Switchboard, . . • *65 

Switchboard Diagram for One Arc Dynamo and Two Circuits, 67 

Switchboard Diagram for Two Arc Dynamos and Four Circuits, • 69 

Switchboard Diagram for One Alternator and One Circuit, . 71 

Switchboard Diagram for Two Alternators and Two Circuits, . 73 

Switchboard Diagram for Four Alternators and Four Circuits, . 75 

Switchboard Diagram for One Generator and One Circuit, . .77 

Switchboard Diagram for Two Generators in Parallel. . . 79 

Dimensions of Arc Dynamos, . . . .81 

Dimensions of Alternators, ..... 82 

Dimensions of M. P. Generators, . . . *83 

Standard World’s Fair Service Plant, .... 85 

Standard Dynamos in Hudson’s Plant, Detroit, . . -87 


6 


INTRODUCTION. 


HE phenomenal success which has attended the intro¬ 
duction and use of the Standard Series Arc System 
establishes fully the reliability of the principles in¬ 
volved in its construction, and demonstrates the 
advantages gained when these principles are directly 
applied to other forms of dynamo-electric machinery. 
Working from this standpoint, a year or more has 
been devoted to designing and perfecting a complete line of apparatus for 
all purposes, and the formal presentation of Standard apparatus for arc, 
alternating and direct current work is herein made. In addition to 
dynamos and motors, the Company has also perfected, on entirely new 
lines, a complete complement of accessories, such as instruments, 
switches, transformers, etc., which will be fully illustrated in the 
accompanying catalogue. ' . 

The Standard system of electrical machinery is as near perfect 
in regulation, efficiency and general construction, both mechanical and 
electrical, as can be obtained. Painstaking electrical engineering, punc¬ 
tilious attention to all details of mechanical construction, the use of the 
finest grades of metals and materials entering into the construction of the 
apparatus, and the emplo3^ment of a liberal factor of safety in rating 
capacity, place this Company’s new apparatus, in its completed condition, 
in the same prominent position which the Standard arc system has here¬ 
tofore enjoyed, viz : the front rank in modern electrical machinery. 

This Company recognizes the fact that there are in the field 
other manufacturers, but a comparison of Standard apparatus and acces¬ 
sories with the products of other manufacturers cannot fail to forestall 



7 




any question of doubt as to our thorough knowledge of dynamo construc¬ 
tion and operation. The problems involved in dynamos, transformers, 
station equipments, etc., and the precautionary measures to protect the 
apparatus against accidents, have been taken up from a comprehensive 
standpoint, with a thorough understanding of the advantages of dynamo- 
electric machinery generally, and by reducing the defects and incorpo¬ 
rating important improvements we are enabled to offer superior apparatus 
covering the full scope of the advanced science of electrical engineering. 

The apparatus herein described is manufactured under United 
- States letters-patent owned or controlled by the Company. 

Special emphasis may be given to the fact that the interests of 
the purchaser have been closely consulted in the manufacture of all 
apparatus offered by this Company, inasmuch as all screws, bolts and 
nuts used are made from standard commercial taps and dies. Repairs 
may, therefore, be made quickly and at small cost, no matter how remote 
the plant may be from the home works. All parts necessary to be had 
from the factory are made to gauge and are interchangeable, so that an 
order for any broken piece can be supplied on short notice. 

Respectfully, 

STANDARD ELECTRIC CO. 


Chicago , May, 1894. 


8 


Standard 

Apparatus and Accessories. 


Series Arc, 

Alternating, 


Direct Current. 



The Standard Series Arc Dynamo. 


HE Standard Series Arc Dynamo in design presents some 
special features, in which the form of the well-known 
Manchester type of field has been carried out. The pole 
pieces, which form the main portion of the frame, are of 
special cast iron, and the field magnet cores employed are of wrought 
iron. These pole pieces, with their cores, which contain the magnetic 
circuits of the apparatus, are insulated from the base by a distance piece 
of brass or zinc, thus reducing the magnetic leakage to a minimum, and 
giving a uniformity of lap to the brushes on either side of the commu¬ 
tator. The range of the brushes from the neutral point between the 
sparking point on either side causes a variation of nearly one ampere. 
The total change of load leaving the brushes standing at the non-sparking 
point does not exceed one-quarter ampere. 

The switching device on the terminal board permits the full 
load of the machine to be thrown on or off without any unnecessary 
sparking or kindred trouble at the commutator or brushes. The switch 
first short-circuits the fields, cutting them out of the external circuit, and 
then short-circuits the armature on its own terminals. 

By removing the pedestal at either end of the shaft, the arma¬ 
ture may be taken out or replaced, or the same result may be accom¬ 
plished by taking off the upper pole piece and raising the armature 
from its position in this manner. 

The capacity of these dynamos is always io% in excess of their 
commercial rating, which io % is allowed as a reserve for drop of 
potential in external circuits. The heat developed never exceeds a rise 
of 8o° Fahr. above the surrounding atmosphere. 





io 










SERIES ARC DYNAMO. 


II 
















Armature for Series Arc Dynamo. 


A RC ARMATURES of our latest improved type are made in sizes 
ranging from 20 to 150 lights capacity, inclusive. In addition 
to our system of winding, which divides our armature into a 
large number of sections and a consequent low voltage between adjoining 
coils, an important improvement has been made in the commutator, 
which is more fully mentioned elsewhere. 

In general construction the core and mounting is practically the 
same as used in our arc armatures for several years, during which time 
our dynamos have made records never before approached. The low 
internal resistance, method of insulation, and the electrical proportioning 
with relation to the fields, combine to secure the superior performance 
and high efficiency of the armature. 


ARC ARMATURE, COMPLETE. 



13 














Arc Commutator Frame or Thimble. 


O N the opposite page will be found a representation of the commu¬ 
tator frame used on the commutators of all the arc light machines 
of improved type manufactured by us, and special attention is 
called to the fact that this feature of construction embraces novelties 
which have never before been introduced in connection with this work. 
First, attention is called to the fact that the entire inside of the thimble 
is lined with porcelain. The light-colored apertures on the top show a 
perforation which extends through to the inside of the thimble. One 
commutator segment is shown in place, which gives a correct idea of 
its location, besides showing the clear space between the porcelain-lined 
part of the thimble and the under side of the segment. Nothing but 
mica is used to insulate the segments from the flanges of the thimble, 
and this mica is specially prepared in our own factory, great care 
being used in its selection and a special preparation being used in 
assembling. 



COMMUTATOR FRAME, 


100 EIGHT ARC DYNAMO. 


PLATE 3 














Commutator Complete for 
Arc Dynamos. 


P LATE 4 shows the thimble, as illustrated on the previous page, 
after having been filled with segments and completed ready for 
assembling on armature and shaft. A special feature in connection 
with this Commutator is that an air space is used between the segments 
in their central portion, or where the brushes make a contact, mica 
being used at either end to support and insulate them. The open 
passages on the side admit air currents, which pass to the under side of 
the commutator bars, and thence out through the open segments, the 
object being to remove all dust or other deposit that might be otherwise 
retained on the interior of the commutator. 

We also manufacture a closed commutator, of our well-known 
type of construction, for use in connection with copper brushes. 


16 



100 LIGHT ARC COMMUTATOR. COMPLETE. 


PLATE 4. 


17 


























































Self-Oiling Journal. 


P LATE 5 shows in detail the construction of the Self-Oiling 
Journal and Bearing, as used in all dynamo electrical machinery 
manufactured by us. It will be noticed that two oil rings are 
used for conveying the oil from the reservoir under the journal to the 
shaft above. The journals are also self-adjusting, being of the universal 
ball-bearing form of construction, so that the armature shaft has at all 
times proper adjustment as well as lubrication. The oil gauge, which is 
introduced for the purpose of always indicating the exact amount of oil 
in the reservoir, is plainly shown. The glass is protected by a brass 
sheath, which is open on two sides only. A pet-cock is also attached 
for drawing off the oil when necessary. The journal cap has two brass 
plugs which fill holes that are immediately above the oil rings, giving 
free access for inspection any time while the machine is in operation. It 
will be noticed that our journals are turned to the arc of the circle 
corresponding to the diameter of the armature, which makes them self- 
adjusting in this feature also. 


18 


DETAILS OF JOURNAL AND PEDESTAL. 



19 
































Alternating Current Dynamo. 



N pages 21 and 23 are Plates 6 and 8, which illustrate our 
65 K. W. alternator and exciter from two different points of 
view, which, when taken together show all essential details, 
and permit a ready appreciation of the simplicity and 
gracefulness of design as an accompaniment to first-class 
material and workmanship. From the illustrations it will be noticed 
that the machines are self-contained, the exciter being part of the gener¬ 
ator proper, inasmuch as its armature is on the same shaft as the main 
armature. This, like our other machines, is furnished with a self-oiling 
bearing of our special design. 

The present range of machines extends from 27 to 137 K. W., 
and upon reference to table of speeds, Plate 40, it will be noticed 
that the speeds are considerably lower than in other types of alternators 
for the same output. In addition to this the machines are of a much 
lighter weight, not exceeding two-thirds of that of other types for the 
same output. They are wound to generate a maximum voltage of either 
1,100 or 2,200 volts. The spherical winding of the fields permits a 
free ventilation of the armature and at the same time removes the 
field windings from any inductive influence from the armature. These 
machines are guaranteed not to heat more than eighty degrees above the 
surrounding atmosphere on a ten-hour run at 10% overload. 


20 







alternator and self-contained exciter. 



21 





























CONVERTER CASE AND DETAILS OF FUSING DEVICE. 


PLATE 7. 


... 


» ' - 

■ j ;: 


22 























ALTERNATING DYNAMO AND EXCITER (SIDE VIEW). 



23 








Armature for Alternator. 


T HE Armature built for alternating current dynamos is illustrated 
in Plate 9. In the smaller alternators, from 27 to 82 K. W. 
capacity, the exciter armature is mounted upon the main shaft, 
unless a separate exciter is desired by the purchaser. The illustration 
shows both armatures mounted upon the same shaft. It also shows the 
most important journal and its position on the shaft. 

When the exciter armature is mounted on the main shaft the 
exciter commutator is so constructed that the connectors are made fast 
to the segments by set screws, so that if it is found necessary or desirable 
to remove the commutator to true it up, by loosening the screws the 
commutator may be taken from the shaft without disturbing any other 
portion of the dynamo except the quadrant and quadrant bracket. 

The positive and negative collector rings are placed at opposite 
ends of the armature, so that danger of accidental short-circuit or injury 
to the attendant is prevented. 


24 


alternator armature, complete with shaft and exciter armature. 



25 






Converters. 



N the Standard Converters, electrical determinations which 
have been made for the utilization of the primary and 
development of the secondary current, skilled workmanship, 
a rigid inspection during the process of construction, a 
severe test while under actual load, together with a large 
factor of safety used in rating their capacity, insures perfect uniformity 
and the highest degree of efficiency attainable. 

The coil is here shown before and after being surrounded with 
the iron. All sizes and voltages demanded by the market are furnished. 


26 














STANDARD CONVERTER, DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION. 

PLATE 10. 


27 
























Direct Current Multipolar Generator 
or Motor. 



ENERATORS and Motors, of the type shown in Plate n, 
are built in sizes from 12 to 225 K. W., 125, 250 or 550 
Volts. Upon examination of the general construction it 
will appear that this generator is, like our arc and alter¬ 
nating current dynamos, of the consequent pole type, having a Gramme 
ring armature. The fields are magnetically separated or insulated from 
the base of the machine by a distance piece of non-magnetic metal. 

The proportions are so designed and carried out that there is 
absolutely no sparking at the commutator under any variations of load 
from zero to 10% overload — and this immunity from sparking is had 
without any shifting of the brushes on the neutral plane throughout the 
entire range. Carbon brushes are used on all generators larger than 30 
K. W., copper brushes on those of smaller capacity. 


28 






DIRECT CURRENT GENERATOR OR MOTOR. 

PLATE 11. 


29 






Direct Current Armature. 


P LATE 12 on opposite page illustrates the armature which is used 
in connection with our Multipolar Generators. These armatures 
are wound for all voltages from no to 550, as may be demanded 
by the market. The Gramme winding is used on all sizes up to and 
including the 130 K. W. The larger types contemplated now are to be 
made with ring armature having drum winding cross connected at the 
ends. 


30 


p CATR 12. DIRECT CURRENT ARMATURE, COMPLETE 



3i 


































Direct Current Commutator. 


O UR direct current commutators have received special care in their 
construction, and after some considerable experiment we have 
produced a commutator which is practically non-destructible and 
invariable in its perfect operation. All commutators manufactured by 
this Company are put together under a temperature of about 800 degrees 
and after they are finished will never become loose or out of shape, as 
has been the case with commutators of earlier methods of construction. 
Great solidity and the use of the very best material and workmanship, 
insures for these commutators a greater life than that attained by any 
commutator that has heretofore been introduced. 


32 


rfiiiiii 



DIRECT CURRENT COMMUTATOR. 


PLATE 13. 


33 






























Terminal Boards. 


HRMINAL Boards of white marble are used on our dynamos. 
The small upper board, Plate 14, contains the terminals and 
improved dynamo switch for our series arc dynamo which 
is fully described elsewhere. The large board is used on 
our multipolar generators and on this all the shunt and series 
connections are made. Both poles are here fused for additional protec¬ 
tion. The metal terminals are of highly finished red metal and are 
conveniently and firmly placed. 



34 









DYNAMO TERMINAL BOARDS, ARC AND D. C. 


PLATE 14. 


35 



The Standard Arc Lamp. 


EVERAL years of successful operation is the record which 
has been made by the series arc lamps of different patterns 
manufactured by this Company. This lamp has been used 
under every condition of service and has invariably proven 
reliable and economical in respect to repairs and renewals. 

This Company was the first to introduce the feature of all-night 
lighting by means of a single lamp mechanism, one carbon rod and a 
single pair of carbons. The simplicity, economy and desirability of such 
a lamp is now universally acknowledged by electrical engineers and 
operators. 

The elliptical carbon, as designed and used in the Standard 
double service arc lamp, is the only practical solution of the simplified 
double service all-night lighting problem. 

Several different types of arc lamps are herein illustrated, and 
others of different types and characteristics and for different purposes are 
manufactured by this Company. The Standard lamps may be furnished 
for any volume of current, from five to fifteen amperes. Ornamental 
lamps of special design are furnished when desired. 



36 








DOUBLE SERVICE ELLIPTICAL CARBON LAMP. 


PLATE 15. 


37 
















PIRATE 16. 


INTERIOR VIEW D. S. 


ARC LAMP. 


38 
















INTERIOR VIEW D. S. LAMP. 


PLATE 17. 


39 




















D. P. Weatherproof Arc Lamp 
Hanger and Switch. 


I N construction and operation the Switch in this device is similar to 
the “Acorn” switch described elsewhere. The four terminals of 
this device are each provided with a stuffing box, thereby rendering 
the case air-tight and waterproof. By the proper use of swivel hooks 
and glass insulators, grounds on the switch box and lamp frame are 
impossible. 



D. P. WEATHERPROOF ARC LAMP HANGER AND SWITCH. 

PI.ATL 18. 


41 




























42 


INSULATED ARC LAMP HANGERS AND DETAILS OF W. P. HANGER SWITCH. 
















PLATE) 20. 


CEILING BOARDS AND CUT-OUTS. 


43 










“Acorn" D. P. Arc Cut-out. 


T HIS Switch, as made weatherproof for pole work or use on the 
exterior of buildings, is fully illustrated in Plate 21. It is 
made with sliding contacts, each contact resting upon its own 
fulcrum, thereby equalizing the pressure of the single spring and thus 
securing perfect contact. On account of the peculiar construction of the 
switch, rough usage can never jar the insulation loose or break it, a 
common fault with switches for this purpose. 

The Cut-out in its operation makes contact before it breaks, 
therefore it is of the low potential type and can only be used to cut out 
or in from one to ten arc lamps without sparking. It is made in a 
different case for inside use. 


44 


ACORN” D. P. ARC CUT-OUT, WEATHERPROOF. 




« 


45 


























Lamp Posts. 



NEW line of iron poles designed especially to meet a demand 
long felt for ornamental poles adapted to either Boulevard 
or Avenue work or for general street lighting, are here 
illustrated. The poles, as designed, all have interchangeable 
tops, enabling a combination to be made of such bases and 
tops as may be most desirable for the work in view. They are so 

arranged that they can be furnished in either 16, 20 or 24 foot lengths. 

The head of the corner pole is made separable so that it can be used on 

ordinary wooden poles, and is furnished by us with either wooden or 

iron center columns, as may be desired. 



46 








ORNAMENTAL IRON ARC LAMP POSTS. 



47 










































































The Standard Voltmeter. 



HIS instrument is, as its name signifies, standard not only for 
our system but may be used as such for any other system. 
After a long series of experiments we claim to now be in 
possession of a commercial instrument for electrical work 
which is superior in every respect to anything which has 
heretofore been produced. It is guaranteed to be accurate within 1^2%, 
absolutely permanent in its calibration and to have no change due to 
heating effect. We do not use one instrument for a check on an entire 
plant, but each voltmeter is a completed and scaled voltmeter and can 
be used not only for work which may be a regular thing in the plant, 
but can be relied upon for measuring potentials within its range for any 
purpose whatever. 

The voltmeter represented is used for both alternating and 
direct current work, but the instrument scaled for direct current is not 
the exact scale for alternating current, or vice versa, but the same form 
of instrument is used for any kind of work calling for measurement of 
potential. If during transportation, or by carelessness in handling, the 
voltmeter should by any means become out of adjustment, the small 
index pointer, which is more clearly shown in the ammeter on the next 
page, is for the purpose of adjusting the pointer of the standard instru¬ 
ment, the action being simply to move it one way or the other as 
the regulator of a watch is moved. Once the instrument is adjusted by 
this means in any part of the scale, it is then correct throughout the 
entire scale. 

These instruments are calibrated for a periodicity of 125 per 
second, but can be adjusted for any other standard by means provided 
as above mentioned. 


48 










STANDARD VOLTMETER, ALTERNATING OR DIRECT CURRENT. 
PLATE 23. 


49 























































Ammeter. 


T HE Ammeter represented by Plate 24 is exactly the same in me¬ 
chanical construction in its moving system as the voltmeter, and 
has identically the same features. This instrument is used in 
our alternating, direct current, constant potential and series arc lighting 
work, and is made in this form up to 150 amperes capacity. 


50 


ammeter, alternating or direct current. 


PLATE) 24. 


51 







































Large Ammeter. 


T HE Ammeter represented by Plate 25 is the same in its moving 
system as the two preceding instruments, and is made for use on 
heavy currents from 250 to 1,500 amperes. In every respect we 
believe that it is the most satisfactory instrument for measuring heavy 
currents that has ever been offered in the American market. 


52 


4" 



DIRECT CURRENT AMMETER, 500 AMP. 


PLATE) 25. 


53 


































Ground Detector. 


O N the opposite page Plate 26 represents an instrument which has 
long been looked for by the trade, viz : A Ground Detector that 
is as much an instrument for this purpose as, relatively speaking, 
an amperemeter and voltmeter are for their respective purposes. By 
means of this Ground Detector not only is the fact of the ground on 
the wire discovered, but the wire on which it exists is pointed out and 
approximately a correct indication given as to the resistance of the 
ground by a deflection of the needle over a scale, thus enabling an 
engineer to tell whether it is safe to keep a grounded circuit in 
operation or not. By the use of a compound switch this instrument 
may be used for any number of circuits. 


54 


t 



PLATE 26 . 


GROUND DETECTOR. 


55 













High Potential Alternating 
Switches. 


P LATE 27 on the opposite page is a perfect reproduction from 
switches manufactured by us for alternating or high potential 
work. The three different positions of the switch are shown. 
The special object of such a switch is to transfer a circuit from one 
dynamo to another while the dynamo or dynamos might be in operation. 
It will be noticed that during a transfer of circuit four distinct breaks 
are made, and that no current from either circuit or dynamo is retained 
in the blades of the switch during the transfer. A potential of 5,000 
volts can be broken with these switches without any perceptible arcing, 
and it is not necessary to use undue haste or force to accomplish this 
end, as the current may be broken with as much deliberation as may 
be found convenient; understanding, of course, that in transferring a live 
circuit it is not desirable to put the lights out, and to avoid this is one 
of the features of the switch, it having a rotary motion of extremely 
short travel. The object can be accomplished with scarcely a perceptible 
waver in the light. Attention is also called to the fact, that as this is 
a knife switch, all contacts are perfect and are always kept bright and 
clean by their action. At present these switches are made in three 
sizes: 30, 65 and 125 amperes capacity. 


56 


HIGH POTENTIAL ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUIT CHANGING SWITCHES. 



57 













High Potential Fuse Terminals. 


O UR High Potential Fuse Terminals, which are a special feature in 
connection with our alternating current system, are shown in 
Plate 28. The main advantages of the device are, first — that 
the fuse is detachable from the circuit, enabling the operator to provide 
a new fuse wire when detached and reinsert it while the current is 
flowing through the line; second — the fuse is surrounded by a glass 
tube, which prevents any arc from forming between the terminals when 
a sufficient excess of current flows to cause a fusing, by reason of a 

sufficient pressure being formed by the vaporizing of the fuse to expel 

■a 

the arc from the glass tube which surrounds the fuse wire. Hard rubber 
tubing can be used in this device if preferred to glass. 


58 


HIGH POTENTIAL MAIN LINE FUSE TERMINALS. 



59 



























Dimmers. 


P LATE 30 on opposite page represents the appliances made by us 
for stage regulators, or dimmers for controlling alternating currents 
for any purpose whatever. They are made to be used on primary 
or secondary voltages and for any amperage that may be demanded by 
the market. 


60 



alternating 


CURRENT STAGE DIMMERS. 


PLATE 30. 


61 

































General Switchboard Work. 


following illustrations of our Switchboards for different 
purposes fully and clearly illustrate the general require¬ 
ments of station work ; and we would say, in connection 
herewith, that all of our instruments and accessories, such 
as switches, etc., are mounted on white marble sub-bases. If it is 
desired to again remount these on a background of white marble or 
slate, we do so, or a skeleton board made of wood is furnished. 
To avoid objections to wood, however, is the chief object in mounting 
the instruments and accessories as we do. Of course, any arrangement 
not shown in the following illustrations of switchboards are always 
considered and carried out when necessary, as it would be impossible 
to illustrate every combination that might be required, for local con¬ 
ditions are not always adaptable to one standard. 



63 









Combination Plug Switchboard. 


F OR small and medium stations, combination Plug Switchboards, 
having capacities from one dynamo and two circuits to six 
dynamos and seven circuits, are kept in stock. These boards are 
built of white marble, polished, and equipped with sockets, plugs and 
loops for the dynamos and circuits provided for. The arrangement 
of the positive and negative sockets and bus-bars is very simple and 
compact. 

For large stations or special work, switchboards are designed 
and made to meet the requirements. 


64 


COMBINATION PLUG ARC SWITCHBOARD. 



65 


























Switchboard Design for One Arc Dynamo 
and Two Circuits. 


The diagram on the opposite page shows the proper connections 
and may be readily understood by any electrician or wireman. 


66 


t 







SWITCHBOARD FOR ONE ARC DYNAMO AND TWO CIRCUITS. 


PLATE 32 
























































t 

Switchboard for Two Arc Dynamos 
and Four Circuits. 


Plate 33 represents the wiring, plug terminals, etc., for two arc 
light dynamos and four circuits, showing the two ammeters properly 
connected. 


68 





] 2 . ■.. ■ ?. I ■ I. f. 1,1 J , 1.11.1- 




SWITCHBOARD FOR TWO ARC DYNAMOS AND FOUR CIRCUITS. 
PLATE 33. 


69 
































































































Switchboard for One Alternator 
and One Circuit. 


T HE plate on the opposite page represents the arrangement and 
complement of instruments necessary for correct manipulation of 
a plant embracing one alternator and one circuit — Fig. No. i 
being ground detector transformer and No. 3 ground detector; No. 2, 
voltmeter transformer; No. 5, ammeter; No. 6, voltmeter; No. 4, two- 
point switch on ground detector (one point being used to throw the 
ground detector out of circuit, the other point being connected to primary 
circuit, as shown) ; No. 7, high potential fuse terminal ; No. 8, main line 
switch, and No. 9, exciter rheostat. The diagram for wiring is correct 
for use in all instances and should not be changed in any manner. 


70 



SWITCHBOARD FOR ONE ALTERNATOR AND ONE CIRCUIT. 
PLATE 34. 


71 





















































































































































































































Switchboard for Two Alternators 
and Two Circuits. 


P LATE 35 shows our combination for the above mentioned plant 
equipment, the same numbers representing the same instruments 
as in the one mentioned on preceding page. The arrangement of 
the two main line switches is such that either circuit can be run on 
either alternator, or both circuits on either alternator, at pleasure. It 
makes no difference which circuit is on either one of the alternators, and 
a transfer of circuits can be made any time while current is on. 


72 



SWITCHBOARD FOR TWO ALTERNATORS AND TWO CIRCUITS. 


PLATE 35. 


73 






































































































































































































































































































































Switchboard for Four Alternators and 
Four Circuits. 




P LATE 36 represents an arrangement for operating four dynamos 
and four circuits, which has been most carefully considered in all 
of its details. The arrangement is such, that all four of the 
circuits can be operated on any one of the dynamos for a light load, or 
any one of the circuits can be run on any one of the dynamos, and any 
other arrangement or subdivision is possible that may be found necessary 
or advisable in any particular plant. 

The diagram represents a plant equipped with only two exciters, 
with an arrangement of switches which enables one or more, or all of 
the alternators to be excited from either exciter. Any change in 
arrangement that may be desired before starting or while the full plant 
is in operation can be made with the certainty of not incurring any 
risk by way of short circuits, etc., during transfer, and with no possi¬ 
bility of doing damage to dynamos, transformers, or any of the 
accessories belonging to the plant. The wiring is shown in a manner 
which may be, at first .sight, rather bewildering, but traced out by any 
intelligent wireman all points of contact can be very easily located. 


74 



PI y ATE) 36. 


75 






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































- ! 


Switchboard 

Current 


for One Direct 
Generator. 


P LATE 37 shows complement of instruments and accessories necessary 
for the proper handling on one generator only — No. 5 being the 
ammeter ; No. 6, voltmeter ; No. 9, rheostat ; No. 10, double pole 
switch for main line circuit ; No. 3, ground detector, and No. 4, two- 
point switch for same. No. 12 shows our low potential fuse terminals. 
The wiring is so plainly shown that it needs no description. 


76 



PLATE 37. 


77 

































































































































































































































1 


Switchboard for Two I). C. Generators 
in Parallel. 

P LATE 38 illustrates the arrangement for distribution by two circuits 
from one common source of supply, current being furnished either 
by one generator or by two generators in parallel. The corre¬ 
sponding numbers apply to the same instruments as in Plate 37, with 
the addition of No. 11, which is a switch for the equalizer bar. 

The rheostats and shunt fields can be connected from the 
bus-bars or from the individual machine, as may be deemed best, but 
as it is not necessary to connect from bus-bars, we would advise that 
the connections on the machine as received never be changed. 


78 



SWITCHBOARD FOR TWO GENERATORS IN PARALLEL. 

PIRATE 38. 


79 









































































































































































































































































































































Dimension Diagrams. 


The three plates following give the general dimensions of the 
arc, alternating and direct current dynamos. 


80 


DIMENSIONS OF 


AftE BYNAM 






Class 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

80 

iOO 

Speed 

moo 

1100 

1050 

1000 

900 

POO 

475 

No Lamps 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

80 

IOO 

A 

34 % 

35 y% 

43 % 

43^4 

46^2 

54% 

74% 

B 

21%6 

21 'k 

2fc$ 

26 & 

27% 

32 

43% 

C 

44 % 

47 X 

58 

58 

62% 

65% 

73% 

D 

1 2 

12 

14 

14 

16 

18 

20 

E 

8 

8 

10 

1 0 

12 

12 

12 

F 

ZK 6 

Zk 

2 % 

2% 

3 

3 

4 

r. 

19% 

20 

26 

26 

28 

29% 

34% 

H 

36% 

39 

45% 

45% 

48% 

53 

63% 

1 

46 % 

4 6% 

53% 

53% 

5? 

66% 

86 









_ 









This table refers to 2,000 c.-p. apparatus. 



PLATE 39. 


8l 



































































































































































f 


DIMENSIONS OF 



K.W. 

27 

33 

41 

47 

55 

G9 

62 

Speed 

13Q0 

1300 

1300 

1300 

1100 

1100 

1100 

No Lamps 

500 

600 

750 

850 

1000 

1250 

15 00 

A 



42% 

42% 

45 

49 

49 

B 

23 \ 

234 

2 3'4 

23% 

26% 

26% 

26% 

C 

68 % 

68% 

68% 

68% 

77% 

77 $ 

77% 

D 

12 

1 a 

1 4 

14 

1 4 

14 

74 

E 

12 

1 a 

1 a 

12 

14 

14 

14 

F 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

G 

264 

264 

264 

26 

31 

31 

3/ 

H 

41% 

41% 

41% 

41% 

48% 

48% 

48% 

I 

46% 

46% 

46% 

46% 

56% 

56% 

56% 

J 

















KW 

55 

G9 

82 

137 




Speed 

1100 

1100 

1100 

860 




NoLvmps 

1000 

(250 

(500 

2500 




A 

49 

49 

49 

63 




B 

26% 

26% 

26% 

354 




C 








D 

1 4 

14 

14 

20 




E 

14 

14 

14 

16 




F 

*3 

3 

3 

4 




G 

31 

31 

31 





H 

484 

481 

4S>! 

G3 




I 

56% 

56% 

56% 

68 




J 

62 

62 

62 

7 7% 













Lower table refers to Alternators separately excited. 


PLATE 40. 




82 





























































































































DIMENSIONS OF 



KW 

12 

15 

20 

24 

27 

31 

Speed 

1050 

1025 

750 

725 

700 

675 

No L amps 

210 

270 

360 

430 

490 

555 

A 

40 

40 

48 

48 

48 

48 

B 

ZZi 

22 '/a 

26% 

£6%- 

£6% 

26% 

C 

4b 

46 

584 

584 

58% 

58% 

D 

10 

10 

10 

12 

12 

12 

E 

6 

8 

8 

4 

10 

10 

F 

Z'fc 

2%. 

'24 

24 

2% 

2% 

G 

\d‘/z 

1 9'/z 

24% 

24% 

24% 

24% 

H 

38% 

36 h 

474 

47% 

47% 

47% 

I 

47 

47 

544 

54% 

54% 

54% 
















KW 

45 

60 

T5 

130 

225 


Speed 

675 

650 

550 

475 

375 


NoLamps 

800 

1075 

1345 

2350 

4000 


A 

54 

54 

62 

76 

97% 


B 

30 

30 

34% 

42% 

54% 


C 

66% 

66 %■ 

34% 

95 

128% 


D 

14 

14 

18 

£4 

£8 


E 

12 

l 2 

14 

18 

£/ 


E 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 


G 

29% 

294 

36 4 

42% 

51% 


H 

53 

53 

68 

60 

97% 


J 

6 1 

61 

73% 

92 

112 #/ 2 

















PLATE 41. 


83 























































































































World’s Fair Service Plant. 


A T the recent World’s Columbian Exposition the Standard Electric 
Company made a phenomenal record with its service arc lighting 
plant, consisting of twenty-two 50-light dynamos and 1,150 
Standard arc lamps. Twenty of these dynamos occupied the principal 
portion of Section S, Machinery Hall, the other two dynamos being in 
Section Q. The illustration on the opposite page is a representation of 
the plant as photographed during the “Fair.” 

During the six months of the Exposition this service plant 
produced 25,500,000 arc lamp hours, or nearly 20% more than any other 
arc plant at the Exposition. This marvelous output was accomplished 
wdthout the loss of an armature or even an armature coil, a record 
which is unparalleled in the history of arc lighting. The commercial 
efficiency of this plant was much in excess of any other system repre¬ 
sented. We are prepared to give further records and information upon 
application. 


84 



85 









































The Standard Arc System in 
Commercial Work. 


I N addition to the widespread use of this system in the central stations 
and municipal plants throughout the country, many of the largest 
commercial institutions — notably the foremost dry goods houses — 
were among the first to recognize the desirability of having dynamos 
practically noiseless and perfectly reliable in operation, and lamps which 
are free from variations in light volume. The steady regulation of feed 
in the Standard lamp made its adoption for high-class commercial work 
almost a necessity. 

One of the largest department stores in the United States, 
“The Fair,” of Chicago, is equipped with twelve arc dynamos, six 
hundred arc lamps and two incandescent generators built by this 
Company. This plant is second to none in the commercial world. We 
have furnished ten or twelve of the largest stores in Chicago and many 
of the leading mercantile institutions in St. Louis, Detroit, Rochester, 
Louisville and Minneapolis, besides many mills and factories in all parts 
of the country, with arc lighting plants. 

The plate on the opposite page represents the Standard arc plant 
in the new store of J. L. Hudson, Detroit, Mich. The installation has 
a capacity of two hundred arc lights and is a model one in every respect. 


86 


FIVE ARC DYNAMOS, J. D. HUDSON’S STORE, DETROIT, MICH. 


% 



















































































































// 




















































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0 





